What is Hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck. Because these hormones control your body’s energy use, too much can speed up many body functions. As a result, you may notice changes in your heart rate, weight, or mood. According to the World Health Organization, hyperthyroidism affects people worldwide, but it is more common in women.
Common Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
Many people with hyperthyroidism notice symptoms that affect their daily life. However, symptoms can be mild at first. Over time, they may become more noticeable. Common overactive thyroid symptoms include:
Sometimes, people may only have a few of these symptoms. But if you notice any of them, it is important to talk to your doctor.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several things can cause hyperthyroidism. Most often, it happens because the immune system attacks the thyroid, making it overactive. This is called Graves’ disease. Other causes include:
Some people are more at risk. For example, women, people with a family history of thyroid disease, and those over age 60 have a higher chance of developing hyperthyroidism. In some regions, iodine levels in food or water may also affect risk.
How Hyperthyroidism is Diagnosed
Doctors use several steps to diagnose hyperthyroidism. First, they ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. Next, they order blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels. These tests measure:
Low TSH and high T4 or T3 suggest hyperthyroidism. Sometimes, doctors use imaging tests, like a thyroid scan or ultrasound, to look for nodules or swelling. Because early diagnosis helps prevent problems, it is important to get tested if you have symptoms.
Treatment Options for Hyperthyroidism
There are several hyperthyroidism treatment options. The best choice depends on your age, health, and the cause of your condition. Common treatments include:
Doctors will explain the benefits and risks of each treatment. In some cases, you may need lifelong medicine or regular check-ups.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you cannot always prevent hyperthyroidism, healthy habits can help manage symptoms. For example, you can:
In some areas, iodine levels in food or water may be high or low. Therefore, it is important to know your local recommendations.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice symptoms like rapid heartbeat, weight loss, or feeling anxious, you should see a doctor. Early treatment can prevent serious health problems. Also, if you have a family history of thyroid disease, regular check-ups are a good idea. Remember, only a healthcare professional can diagnose and treat hyperthyroidism.
For personalized advice on hyperthyroidism, consult a healthcare specialist at Prabhavati Multispeciality Hospital & Research Center.